AUSTRALIA'S PREVIOUS PRIME MINISTERS AND HOW THEY LEFT OFFICE:
--
* MALCOLM TURNBULL - September 14, 2015 to August 24, 2018 (Liberal): Quit the leadership after calling a second spill in a week following surprise challenge from his home affairs minister Peter Dutton. But it wasn't Dutton who prevailed in the High Noon spill. Instead Turnbull's treasurer Scott Morrison became Australia's 30th prime minister.
* TONY ABBOTT - 2013-2015 (Liberal): Lost in leadership spill to Malcolm Turnbull.
* KEVIN RUDD - 2013 (Labor): Lost election to Tony Abbott, retired from politics.
* JULIA GILLARD - 2010-2013 (Labor): Ousted by Rudd after she spilled the leadership, retired following the loss.
* KEVIN RUDD - 2007-2013 (Labor): Resigned after Gillard challenged him for the leadership. Sat on the backbench until re-elected in 2013.
* JOHN HOWARD - 1996-2007 (Liberal): Lost election and his seat in parliament to Rudd and Labor after successful "Kevin 07" campaign.
* PAUL KEATING - 1991-1996 (Labor): Defeated by Howard in election, resigned from parliament.
* BOB HAWKE - 1983-1991 (Labor): Defeated in leadership ballot by Keating 56-51. Stayed on briefly as a backbencher before retiring.
* MALCOLM FRASER - 1975-1983 (Liberal): Defeated by Hawke in general election. Retired from parliament.
* GOUGH WHITLAM - 1972-1975 (Labor) Dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr after the Senate delayed passage of appropriation bills. Lost subsequent election to Fraser.
* WILLIAM MCMAHON - 1971-1972 (Liberal): Lost election to Whitlam. Retired from parliament.
* JOHN GORTON - 1968-1971 (Liberal): Lost to McMahon after calling a leadership spill.
* JOHN MCEWEN - 1967-1968 (Country Party) Interim prime minister following death of Holt until Gorton was elected.
* HAROLD HOLT - 1966-1967 (Liberal): Disappeared while swimming near Portsea, Victoria and presumed drowned. McEwen appointed interim prime minister.
* ROBERT MENZIES - 1949-1966 (Liberal): Resigned from parliament, making him the last prime minister to leave office on his own terms. Former treasurer Holt took over leadership.
* BEN CHIFLEY - 1945-1949 (Labor): Defeated by Menzies in election.
* FRANCIS FORDE - 1945 (Labor): Prime minister for eight days following Curtin's death, until Labor elected Chifley.
* JOHN CURTIN - 1941-1945 (Labor): Died from heart disease while in office. Forde appointed caretaker prime minister.
* ARTHUR FADDEN - 1941 (Country Party:) Lost election to Curtin.
* ROBERT MENZIES - 1939-1941 (United Australia Party): Resigned as prime minister handing over to Hughes, then Fadden. Live to fight another day.
* EARLE PAGE - 1939 (Country Party): Caretaker prime minister. Lost leadership when UAP elected Menzies.
* JOSEPH LYONS - 1932-1939 (United Australia Party): Died suddenly of heart attack. Page was appointed caretaker prime minister.
* JAMES SCULLIN - 1929-1932 (Labor): Defeated by Lyons in election.
* STANLEY MELBOURNE BRUCE - 1923-1929 (Nationalist Party): Lost in election to Scullin. First prime minister to lose his seat in a general election.
* WILLIAM MORRIS HUGHES - 1915-1923 (Labor and then Nationalist Party): Nationalist Party displaced Hughes as prime minister and appointed Bruce.
* ANDREW FISHER - 1914-1915 (Labor) Forced to resign as prime minister and replaced by Hughes who later jumped ship to the Nationalist Party.
* JOSEPH COOK - 1913-1914 (Commonwealth Liberal Party): Lost double-dissolution election to Fisher.
* ANDREW FISHER - 1910-1913 (Labor): Defeated in election by Cook who held a one-seat majority in the House of Representatives.
* ALFRED DEAKIN - 1909-1910 (Commonwealth Liberal Party) Defeated in election by Fisher.
* ANDREW FISHER - 1908-1909 (Labor): Ousted by Deakin when Fisher formed fusion of three non-Labor groups and gained majority.
* ALFRED DEAKIN - 1905-1908 (Protectionist): Ousted when Labor withdrew support for his minority government, Fisher became prime minister.
* GEORGE REID - 1904-1905 (The Free Trade Party): Protectionists and Labor joined to claim majority, forcing out his government. * CHRIS WATSON - 1904 (Labor): Resigned after failing to convince the governor-general to dissolve parliament. Reid took over as prime minister. * ALFRED DEAKIN - 1903-1904 (Protectionist) Resigned after Labor withdrew support. Watson look over as prime minister. * EDMUND BARTON - 1901-1903 (Protectionist) Resigned as prime minister to become a judge of the High Court of Australia. Deakin replaced him. ----- ** Tony Abbott, Kevin Rudd and Robert Menzies are the only first-term prime ministers to be removed by their own party.
