US President Joe Biden lauded "uniquely accomplished" Ketanji Brown Jackson as he nominated her to be the first black woman in US history to serve on the Supreme Court.
Ms Jackson was appointed to the federal bench in 2013, and was backed by three Republican senators last year when she was elevated to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, seen as a staging ground for aspiring Supreme Court justices.
"She steps up to fill Justice (Stephen) Breyer's place on the court with a uniquely accomplished and wide-ranging background," Mr Biden said as he officially unveiled his decision at a White House appearance with the 51-year-old jurist.
"As it happens, I share a birthday with the first black woman ever to be appointed as a federal judge, the Honorable Constance Baker Motley," Ms Jackson said as she accepted the nomination.
"We were born exactly 49 years to the day apart. Today, I proudly stand on Judge Motley's shoulders, sharing not only her birthday but also her steadfast and courageous commitment to equal justice under law."
With one liberal justice replacing another the announcement will not reshape the ideological make-up of the court - but it is a huge moment for Mr Biden personally and politically.
The pick presents an opportunity for the administration to pivot from a spate of bad news in recent months, with Mr Biden's domestic agenda stalled amid runaway inflation and plummeting poll numbers.
The announcement is a chance for Mr Biden to show the black voters who rescued his floundering 2020 primary campaign that he can deliver for them following the recent defeat of voting rights legislation.
"For too long, our government, our courts haven't looked like America," Mr Biden said. "I believe it's time that we have a court (that) reflects the full talents and greatness of our nation with a nominee of extraordinary qualifications, and that we inspire all young people to believe that they can one day serve their country at the highest level."
In his first year in office, Mr Biden nominated 62 women to the federal judiciary, including 24 black women.
But there are still only a few dozen active black female judges on the federal bench out of almost 800 in total.
The president had promised during his successful 2020 White House run to nominate a black woman to the Supreme Court for the first time in US history.
The pledge dismayed some Republicans who thought ruling out candidates of other backgrounds would further politicise the judiciary.
Dismissing the objections, Mr Biden shortlisted a handful of top Black women to replace the retiring Justice Breyer, including southern jurists J. Michelle Childs and Leandra Kruger.
