The federal government will spend $70.2 million on establishing the centres, two of which have already been announced for Western Australia and the ACT.
The facilities will provide 24/7 intensive care and support for those experiencing eating disorders, aim to improve diagnosis and treatment of the conditions and provide training and advocacy.
Health Minister Greg Hunt says such centres are essential to help Australians grappling with eating disorders, of which there are about one million.
"Treatment requires intensive wrap-around support," he said in a statement on Tuesday.
About $3.6 million of the money will go to the Butterfly Foundation to help it lead the creation of the centres.
The announcement comes ahead of the release of the federal budget on Tuesday evening.
